I am not sure what you think induction means, but scholastics accepted as science the knowledge that precipitated from necessary truths derived from the syllogism.
C'mon now. Doctinal? I am pretty sure that Aquinas put proof number 5 last because it was the weakest of the arguments. :
"The fifth way is taken from the governance of the world. We see that things which lack knowledge, such as natural bodies, act for an end, and this is evident from their acting always, or nearly always, in the same way, so as to obtain the best result. Hence it is plain that they achieve their end, not fortuitously, but designedly. Now whatever lacks knowledge cannot move towards an end, unless it be directed by some being endowed with knowledge and intelligence; as the arrow is directed by the archer. Therefore, some intelligent being exists by whom all natural things are directed to their end; and this being we call God."
This is a far cry from what is modernly understood as intelligent design theory.
Scotus if he believed in teleology it is weak in his system, but he makes no intelligent design arguments, but focuses on cognition rather than design. He is about as close to a nominalist as you can be, but does hold that there is a bare, common nature.
You are being myopic if you think scientific theory makes science. ID is the belief the world is intelligent and comes from a design. I quoted Aquinas sufficiently to know that he did teach that the world is designed and comes from God. Read the above quote as sufficient evidence.
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What I am unconvinced about is that Aquinas believed in what is modernly called
Intelligent Design. His final cause argument doesn't fit well with the modern framework.