Yes, prorated bonus still counts toward cap after a player being cut, however, it doesn’t spread to all those void years anymore. For cap penalty, if Jets use post June 1 designation on Rodgers, the cap hit is 14M in 2025 and 35M in 2026, nothing after. If they don't, the cap hit is 49M in 2025 and no more cap hit afterward.. It’s not what you original said “Jets are going to have to pay him $21M the next 2 years to NOT be on the team... and THEN $14M ... and THEN $7M“. The Sportrac page is the current cap hit before Rodgers is cut, not after.
One thing to note is that Sportrac page includes the 35M roster bonus Rodgers is scheduled to receive in 2025, which of course he won't get after being cut when new league year starts in March. In other words, Jets don't need to pay actual money to him for this 35M 2025 roster bonus and this 35M won't count toward cap hit (once Rodgers is officially cut).